Wednesday 29 February 2012

Satellites- A Global Industry Outlook

The global outlook series on the Satellites Industry provides a collection of statistical anecdotes, market briefs, and concise summaries of research findings. Illustrated with 22 fact-rich market data tables, the report offers a rudimentary overview of the industry and highlights latest trends and demand drivers. Regional markets briefly abstracted and covered include North America (with particular focus on United States), Europe (the United Kingdom and Russia) Asia-Pacific (China, and India) Latin America and Middle East/Africa. The report offers a compilation of recent mergers, acquisitions, and strategic corporate developments. Also included is an indexed, easy-to-refer, fact-finder directory listing the addresses, and contact details of 206 companies worldwide.?

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SATELLITES									GOS-191  A GLOBAL OUTLOOK, JANUARY 2012                                                 CONTENTS     1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW                                                     1       Space Technologies: Global Landscape                                 1       Global Satellite Industry - A Rudimentary  Overview                  1        Global Satellite Services Market: Infrastructure  and         Consumer Services in Voice,  Video and Data Segments               2       Market Opportunities                                                 2       Key Challenges                                                       3       Barriers to Entry                                                    3        High Capex Requirements                                             3        Spectrum Availability                                               3        Existing Players Dominate the Market                                3        Receiving Dish Position                                             3        Stringent Regulations                                               4        Competing Technologies                                              4        Bargaining Power of Buyers                                          4       Impact of Recession in Retrospect                                    4       Outlook                                                              5        Table 1: World Recent Past, Current and  Future Analysis for        Satellite Products & Services by Geographic Segments - North        America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (Including Japan), Middle        East/Africa and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed        by Annual Revenue (in US$ Billion) for Years 2010 through        2015                                                                6         Table 2: World 5-Year Perspective for Satellite Products and        Services by Geographic Segment - Percentage Breakdown of        Annual Revenue for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific        (Including Japan), Middle East/Africa and Latin America        Markets for the Years 2011 & 2015                                   7         Table 3: Global Satellite Industry (2011): Percentage Share        Breakdown of Revenue  by Segment                                    7       Emerging Markets - Hotspots for Growth  for Satellite Industry       7       Satellite Services Sector to Sustain Growth  Momentum                8        Table 4: Global Satellite Services Market (2011): Percentage        Share Breakdown of Revenue by Segment                               8        Consumer Satellite Services Market -  A Review of Key Segments      8         Table 5: Global Consumer Satellite Services Market (2011):         Percentage Share Breakdown  of Revenue by Segment                  9         Satellite Television Services                                      9          Table 6: Global Pay TV Market (2010 & 2016): Percentage          Share Breakdown of Revenue by Platform                            10          Digital TV Entertainment -  A Key Growth Driver                   10          Subscriptions on Wane in Developed  Markets                       10          Platforms Roll Out Value-Added Services  to Sustain and           Attract Subscribers                                              11          Platforms Consider Vertical integration  and Consolidation           to Attain Profitability                                          11          Satellite Video Transmission Services to  Witness           Exponential Increase in Value                                    11         Satellite Broadband - Bridging the Digital  Divide                 12          Satellite Broadband Services Market Witnessing Growth             12          Outlook                                                           13          Rural Broadband - Gaining Momentum                                13          Factors Driving Demand for Broadband  Satellite Systems           14          Small Businesses - Potential Market  Segment for Satellite           Broadband  Services                                              14          Satellite Based IPTV- An Emerging Niche                           14           Table 7: Global Market for IPTV  (2011): Percentage           Breakdown of Number of Subscribers for US, Canada, Europe,           Asia-Pacific and Rest of World                                   15          Opportunities in Ka-Band Services                                 15          Broadband Satellite Multicasting Industry                         16        Fixed Satellite Services - Maintaining  Demand Growth               16         Table 8: Global Fixed Satellite Services Market (2011):         Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Application                   17          Table 9: Global Fixed Satellite Services Market (2011):         Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Region                        17          Table 10: Global Fixed Satellite Services  Market (2011):         Percentage Share Breakdown of Revenue by Segment                   17         Satellite Transponders Market to Register  Significant Growth      18          Transponders in Commercial Satellite  Services Market             18          Growing Demand for Bigger Satellites to  Push Transponders           Market                                                           19          Transponder Demand Leading to  Mushrooming of Satellite           Operators                                                        19          Satellite Cellular Backhaul Propels Market                        19          Booming Global Market for Satellite  Transponders                 19           Table 11: Global Satellite Transponder Market (2011):           Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Region - North           America, Europe, Asia, Middle East/Africa & Latin America        20            Table 12: Global Satellite Market (2007-2015): Supply of           Satellite Transponders Among C-Band, Ku-Band, and Ka-Band-            Annual Demand in Number of 36 MHz Transponder           Equivalents                                                      20            Table 13: Global Satellite Market (2007-2015): Annual           Demand and Supply of Satellite Transponders in Number of           36 MHz Transponder Equivalents                                   21            Table 14: Global Satellite Transponder Market (2011):           Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Application -           Broadcast, Trunking, Reserve, and Networking                     21          Satellite Capacity Leasing Market to  Expand Further              21         Private Networks Lead Data Market                                  22        Mobile Satellite Services - Outlook                                 22         Manufacturers of MSS Equipment to  Register Growth                 23         Mobile Voice Represents a Small Segment                            23         Mobile Data Gains Traction                                         23          Table 15: Global Mobile Satellite Services Market          (2008-2016): Broadband Terminals for Applications Over 256          Kbps                                                              24         Growing Scope of Global Maritime Industry  Satellite Services      24       Satellite Manufacturing - A Review                                   25       Role of International Telecommunication  Union                       25       Other Noteworthy Trends, Growth Drivers &  Issues                    26        Military Satellite Market to Witness Ample Growth across the         Globe                                                              26        Commercial Services Drives Satellites  Sector                       26         Commercial Satellite Market Driven by  Consumer Satellite          Services                                                          27        Dual-Use Platform to Provide New  Opportunities for Satellite         Manufacturing Industry                                             27        Small Satellites Too Attract Market  Opportunities                  27        Backup Satellites and Transponders Offer  Viable Alternative         Over Standard Insurance                                            27        Satellite Telephony: A Declining Market                             28    2. PRODUCT OVERVIEW                                                      29       Satellites - An Introduction                                         29        Background and Development                                          29        Satellite Services for Non-Military Uses                            30       Payload                                                              30       Transponders                                                         30       Orbits                                                               31        Common Types of Orbits                                              31         Geostationary Orbit (GEO)                                          31         Low Earth Orbit (LEO)                                              32         Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)                                           32       Satellites Footprint                                                33       Burn                                                                 33       Interior of a Satellite                                              33        Propulsion Subsystem                                                33        Power Subsystem                                                     33        Communications Subsystem                                            33        Structures Subsystem                                                33        Thermal Control Subsystem                                           34        Attitude Control Subsystem                                          34        Telemetry and Command Subsystem                                     34       Launch of a Satellite                                                34       Importance of EMS for Satellite  Transmissions                       35       Frequency Range and Suitable Application  Areas of Different        Bands                                                               35       Satellite Applications                                               36       An Overview of Applications/Services                                 36        Satellite Broadcasts                                                37         Strengths                                                          37         Weaknesses                                                         37        Satellite Broadband Applications                                    37         Satellite-Based Internet Protocol  Television (IPTV)               37         Internet Service Providers                                         38        Global Positioning System                                           38         Application Areas                                                  38        Satellite Telecommunications                                        39       Space-Based Earth Observation Systems                                40       Major Remote Sensing Instruments and  Satellites                     41        Satellite Navigation System                                         41        The Galileo System                                                  42         EGNOS - The Precursor for Galileo                                  42        New Transponder Accessing Method                                    42       Types of Satellites                                                  42       Orbit Classifications                                                43        Classification Based on Synchronicity                               43        Classification Based on Centricity                                  44        Classification Based on Eccentricity                                44        Classification Based on Inclination                                 45        Classification Based on Altitude                                    45        Special Orbits                                                      45        False Orbits                                                        45       Satellite Formations                                                 46        Formation Types                                                     46       Countries with Satellite Launch Capabilities                         46       Threat to Satellites                                                 47       Jamming of Satellites                                                47       Other Applications of Satellites                                     47    3. PRODUCT LAUNCHES                                                      48    4. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS                                              82    5. STRATEGIC CORPORATE  DEVELOPMENTS                                     99    A REGIONAL MARKAT PERSPECTIVE                                             125    1. NORTH AMERICA                                                         125       Challenges in Fixed Satellite Services Market  in North America      125       C-Band Continues to Retain its Charm Despite  Slowdown               125       Future Relies on Ka-Band                                             125        Table 16: North American Market for Satellite Transponders        (2011): Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Area of        Application - Broadcast, Trunking, Networking and Reserve           126       North America at the Forefront of HDTV  Revolution                   126    1a. THE UNITED STATES                                                    127       Satellite Market Overview                                            127       US Satellite Industry Survives Recession  Scare                      127       Market Trends                                                        127        Satellite Broadband Market to Explode                               127         SOHO/Enterprise Markets Promise Lucrative  Opportunities for          Satellite Broadband  Services                                     127         iPTV in Rural Areas - A Secured Niche  Market for Satellite          Operators                                                         128         Stimulus Financing for Satellite  Broadband                        128         Terrestrial Technologies - No Competition  to Satellite          Broadband Market                                                  128        Bigger Satellites - Calling the Shots                               129        Radar Market: Returning to Growth                                   130        Growing Demand for HDTV                                             130        Mobile Satellite Market to Grow Rapidly                             130       Military Investment in New Space Programs                            130       Risk Elements for US Commercial Remote  Sensing Satellite        Companies                                                           131    2. EUROPE                                                                132       Escalating Mobile Satellite TV Market                                132        Table 17: Mobile Satellite TV Market (2011): Percentage        Breakdown of Number of Customers by Region-France, Germany        Italy, UK, Spain and Rest of Europe                                 133       C-Band and Ku-Band Application in Telephony Declining                133        Table 18: Satellite Transponders Market in Europe (2011):        Percentage Breakdown of Demand by Area of Application-        Broadcast, Trunking, Reserve, and Networking                        133    2a. THE UNITED KINGDOM                                                   134       Space Industry                                                       134       UK's Satellite Broadband Services Market                             134        Satellite Broadband                                                 135        Satellite Broadband Offerings                                       135        Ka-band Capacity Demand in UK                                       136        Export Markets                                                      137    2b. RUSSIA                                                               138       Russia Witnesses Increase in Satellite  TV Subscribers               138    3. ASIA-PACIFIC                                                          139       Asian Satellite Industry Performs Well Despite  the Recent        Economic Slump                                                      139       Challenges                                                           140       Mixed Opportunity for Satellite Mobile TV                            140       Communication Satellites Over Asia-Pacific                           141       Communication Satellites Over Asia-Pacific  by Frequency             141       Digital Divide Mars Asia-Pacific Market                              143       Transponders: Demand and Supply                                      143        Table 19: Asia-Pacific Satellite Transponders Market (2011):        Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Area of Application -        Broadcast, Trunking, Reserve, and Networking                        144       Overcapacity: A Major Issue                                          144       Government: A Major Player                                           144       Satellite Broadband Market Facing Hurdles  in Japan and South        Korea                                                               145    3a. CHINA                                                                146       Satellite Market Set to Grow                                         146       Emerging as a Major Satellite Launch Market                          146       Satellite Set-Top Box Market                                         146    3b. INDIA                                                                147       Indian Satellite Market to Witness Meteoric  Growth                  147       Satellite Capacity Set to Grow                                       147       Transponder Capacity Additions on Cards                              147       Foray into Satellite Launch Market                                   148       Expanding Satellite Market                                           148       Factors Driving Growth of Direct-To-Home  Industry                   148        Table 20: Indian DTH Market (2011):  Percentage  Market Share        Breakdown by Leading Players                                        150    4. LATIN AMERICA                                                         151       Satellite Service Sector Witnessing Rapid  Growth                    151       Favorable Conditions for Satellite Services                          151       Outlook for Transponders                                             152        Table 21: Satellite Transponders Market in Latin America        (2011): Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Area of        Application - Broadcast, Trunking, Reserve, and Networking          152       Competitive Overview                                                 152       Satellite Services Revenues                                          153    5. THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA                                                154       Overview of Commercial Satellite  Transponder Market                 154        Table 22: Middle East and Africa Satellite Transponders        Market in (2011): Percentage Market Share Breakdown by Area        of Application - Broadcast, Trunking, Reserve, and Networking       154    GLOBAL DIRECTORY

Source: http://www.electronics.ca/publications/products/Satellites%252d-A-Global-Industry-Outlook.html

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Buffett: No change in succession plan

By msnbc.com news services

Now is a good time to buy a home and finance it with a 30-year mortgage, says Warren Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway chairman/CEO. Buffett discusses why he wants to invest in more businesses, explains why he bought eight European stocks at the end of 2011 ...

Billionaire investor Warren Buffett says Berkshire Hathaway's plan at some point to replace him hasn't really changed.

Buffett said on CNBC Monday that the new language he used to describe the succession plan in his annual letter to Berkshire shareholders wasn't a sign of change. The 81-year-old says he was trying to clarify the plan.

He said in his letter released Saturday that Berkshire's board had chosen someone to succeed him as CEO someday, and it has two backup candidates. Previously, Buffett had said only that the company had three internal candidates. None of them have been identified.

Buffett said the board has always had a preferred candidate and two backups.

He also said the unemployment rate, currently at around?8.3 percent,?is unlikely to tick back up to 9 percent.

Buffett said Berkshire's businesses not related to housing are hiring and Berkshire as a whole is likely to have more employees at year's end than at the start of the year.?

He said?last year's departure of a top executive, David Sokol, did not affect the board's choice for successor. Nor had Sokol been his designated successor, he added.

An investigation into?Sokol over stock trading while he was at the company appears to be ongoing. Sokol, one of Buffett's star lieutenants and long presumed to be his successor, left Berkshire last year amid questions of improper stock trading.

The episode prompted inquiries from securities regulators and was a black mark on Buffett's track record, but there was no mention at all in his summation of the year.

Buffett's comments on Saturday about the hunt for his successor helped to ease some shareholder concern about the future of the company once the famed 81-year-old investor steps down as chief executive.

While Buffett is in his 80s, he is known to be in good health and has made clear he does not plan to step down from running the company any time soon.

Buffett has been at the helm of Berkshire for 47 years. He controls a conglomerate that employs more than 270,000 people worldwide in dozens of businesses ranging from railroads and electric utilities to ice cream and underwear.

Buffett also said?newspapers need to stop giving away their product for free online, but they will have a decent future if they continue delivering information that can't be found elsewhere.

Buffett talked about the news business on CNBC Monday because his Berkshire Hathaway owns two newspapers and has a sizeable investment in the Washington Post Co.

Buffett said newspapers face challenges because of competition from Internet news sources and the rising cost of newsprint. He said newspapers need to make sure they remain the primary source of information about subjects readers are interested in.

He was being interviewed in front of the Omaha World-Herald's printing presses. Buffett's Berkshire bought the World-Herald late last year.

Reuters and The Associated Press contributed to this report.

Source: http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/02/27/10517262-warren-buffett-weve-always-had-a-preferred-successor

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Tuesday 28 February 2012

Utilizing Highly effective Web Design Solutions to Achieve Greater ...

[unable to retrieve full-text content]COMPUTERS AND TECHNOLOGY Only Directory which has Articles Related to COMPUTERS AND TECHNOLOGY · Home · About Us · Privacy Policy · Contact Us. Welcome to article directory. We have 143518 published ...

Source: http://computersandtechnology.us/2012/02/utilizing-highly-effective-web-design-solutions-to-achieve-greater-rankings/

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Panasonic and Red Bend Software announce Android security partnership at MWC

Panasonic wants you to feel secure in its gentle embrace, which is why it's paired up with Massachusetts-based Red Bend Software to secure your cellphone's personal data. Pointing to the open nature of Android as a weakness when it comes to device security, the partnership created a safe folder isolated from the operating system that is only accessible by password or smart card. The clever part is Red Bend were able to get vLogix Mobile Linux to work as an independently virtualized OS yet run at the same time as Android runs cleanly -- with your personal data encrypted inside the ROM to prevent software reverse-engineering. The company isn't saying how it's planning to implement the feature or if it'll be generally available, but if you're looking for a safe place to store those confidential emails you should read all the gory details after the break.

Continue reading Panasonic and Red Bend Software announce Android security partnership at MWC

Panasonic and Red Bend Software announce Android security partnership at MWC originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 27 Feb 2012 06:43:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Monday 27 February 2012

Biden touts community colleges during visit to DCCC

[unable to retrieve full-text content]

Source: www.carolinajournal.com --- Sunday, February 26, 2012
THOMASVILLE - Vice President Joe Biden toured a lab for automated manufacturing at Davidson County Community College in Thomasville on Friday and told college leaders, "You guys are the future." Biden and his wife, Jill Biden, stepped into the teaching lab shortly before 11 a.m., accompanied by Labor Secretary Hilda L.... ...

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/cjheadlines/~3/T6Jqob3AQHA/63431

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A new Modest Note on Structured Settlements - Finance Analysis

A structured settlements is often a written agreement, exactly where an individual consents to accepts payment in due time for his claim, for the exchange of liability, which generally occurs from an injury lawsuit. It might be claimed in any way in which the individual wants. For instance, each handful of months it could be paid. You may get this settlement paid by getting from any life insurance coverage enterprise, handful of annuities.

Also these payments is usually utilized through contest winnings or lottery prizes. Structured element when awarded to an individual, an insurance coverage firm fixes some annuities to ensure that small portions of dollars may be paid at regular intervals. With structured settlements, mutual funds are the location exactly where funds is invested in an effort to get back the maximum profit.

Mutual funds are essentially clusters of individual stocks which are make-up so that you can increase the returns. The stocks (fundamentally individual stock) inside a mutual fund may well differ on a regular basis. Hence a piece of threat is introduced that is often considerable. Therefore if an individual has his structured settlement in a mutual fund set-up, he has each the possibilities. He may perhaps get high returns or his capital may well crash down and he may well lose all of it. If an individual wishes to acquire his structured settlement devoid of facing any risks it is extremely significantly attainable. In most of the settlements, the annuities are guaranteed. This really is also a very good choice.

Selling a Settlement
Mostly people tend to sell their settlement when they reach their retirement age. They do so for obtaining a sum of money for making any big purchase or investing the money at a better place. The sum which an individual gets may be much lower than the monthly amount he gets, but by investing the money at a proper place, much higher returns may be obtained.

An additional choice is to sell a component with the structured settlements and retain the rest with the component for future selling. In this way, a person might get the needed level of money he requirements at a specific instant of time and save some for the future. Folks usually sell most of their settlements mainly because they want funds in hand. They really feel secure whilst getting some dollars in their hands.

Advantages of Structured Settlement
Through structured settlements, a fixed sum of money is paid to an individual in case if an injury or an accident. There are several positive aspects of these settlements. People today may save tax by getting such settlements. They give en helpful security cover in an effective manner. Ordinarily the annuities are to be paid on a monthly basis but they are able to be adjusted as per the requirement from the individual. By including some terms and circumstances, the amount to be paid is often elevated periodically.

There are many other instant benefits of these settlements. There is no guarantee of the paying company that whether it will run for the expected time. Hence it is advisable to contact a financial advisor before buying such structured settlements.

Looking to find the best deal on structured settlements, then visit www.thepurchasestructuredsettlements.com to find the best advice on structured settlements for you.

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Source: http://eftanalysis.com/2012/02/25/a-new-modest-note-on-structured-settlements/

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Sunday 26 February 2012

NASCAR: Danica Patrick In Spotlight Ahead Of Daytona 500

DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. -- As her car hurtled out of control toward the inside retaining wall at Daytona International Speedway, Danica Patrick did a split-second survey of her situation.

With no chance of avoiding a head-on collision at nearly 190 mph, Patrick prepared for the impact. She took her hands off her steering wheel and pulled them close to her body. In her mind, she had clenched her arms tight near her shoulder harnesses.

In reality, the in-car camera showed her hands were much higher, almost at her face. And just like that the talk shifted from her otherwise clean run in Thursday's qualifying race to a discussion about the pretty girl who covered her eyes right before a big scary accident.

It didn't matter that it wasn't true.

"In IndyCars, you learn to take your hands off the wheel," Patrick explained Friday. "I was trained when there is no saving it and no hope, you let go. That's what I did.

"No, I wasn't covering my eyes. But, yes, I did close them as I got to the wall. I didn't want my eyes to pop out of my head."

Everything Patrick does this season, her first full year in NASCAR, will be scrutinized. She's one of the most popular athletes on the planet, but her spotty racing resume makes her an easy target for hard-core racing fans who consider her an overhyped driver unworthy of the attention she receives.

She's found often on ESPN, which broadcasts the bulk of Patrick's races. She has dabbled the last two years in the Nationwide Series and will run the full schedule this year for JR Motorsports. She also will make her Sprint Cup Series debut in Sunday's season-opening Daytona 500, the first of 10 scheduled events this season for Stewart-Haas Racing.

So, it's easy to understand why the traditional auto racing fan is concerned that ESPN might overwhelm fans with its interest in "Danicamania."

"Our coverage is in balance with what we believe the audience interest is," said Rich Feinberg, ESPN vice president of motorsports.

Former NASCAR champion turned ESPN analyst Dale Jarrett understands the conundrum facing Patrick and her move to NASCAR, which openly admits it hopes she drives ratings and attracts new fans. She'll be heavily featured in Saturday's season-opening Nationwide race at Daytona.

"I think she's a polarizing figure," Jarrett said. "I'll be quite honest. I was very skeptical when she came over. Could she handle these cars, get in and mix it up? I think she can. Is she going to go out and set the world on fire? That's going to be difficult to do, because she's up against the best in the world.

"But she's good for the sport, and I think we do a very nice job of balancing that and giving her enough and giving the fans enough but not going over the top either."

The hardest thing to overcome is Patrick's statistics.

In 115 IndyCar starts, she won one race ? Japan in 2008. She had seven podium finishes, and two of them came when she began dabbling in NASCAR two seasons ago. Since coming to NASCAR, she has three top-10 finishes in 25 races over two years.

Patrick understands, even accepts, that there are people who find her results unacceptable.

"I know it's somewhat of a product of becoming popular. When you get a lot of attention, the general public expects everything to be at that level," she said. "They expect my results to be at my popularity level. They expect everything to be earned, deserved and on the same level. I get it.

"There's just certain people that are intriguing. I still don't know why I'm intriguing to people, because there have been other girls that have been race car drivers. While I like to think that I have done a good job at times with my driving and with results, people just want to know about me and are curious. It grows, and it snowballs. Do I wish I could have more wins? Yeah, of course I do."

There always have been mixed feelings about Patrick in IndyCar, where for seven seasons she overshadowed every other driver and was the main storyline even when the focus should have been on others. But her former competitors have always supported her, and few ever criticized her talent.

"She's a good driver, and she's not exceptional," Helio Castroneves said. "But you've got to admit, she's a female, and she broke a barrier that a lot of females before couldn't do. It is a men's sport. People are used to that, and when she succeeded the way she did, you're going to get attention. I always respect her as a driver, and I knew when she had a good car she'd really go for it.

"And when she didn't have a good car, she really knows how to respect the limits."

At the same time, there's a bit of a relief that she's moved on.

"I think she was great for this series, but man, this series has to stand on its own," Will Power said. "I think it will be good for the series to run free by itself with us."

"Did she add any fans to the sport? No, probably not," added Graham Rahal. "And where it hurt us, is we were never able to develop a personality outside of her, because there was never an opportunity."

In NASCAR, the competitors recognize that Patrick is the center of the spotlight. At a Nationwide Series event, she teamed with four other series regulars in a game of "Family Feud" vs. the media. The team was captained by reigning Nationwide champion Ricky Stenhouse Jr., who picked the official team of "Danica and the Other Guys."

No one seems to be bothered by the attention she receives, and drivers have been kind in their assessment of her skills. Of course, measuring success in NASCAR is far different from the podium-driven open-wheel mentality.

A driver can make a very nice living stringing together top-10s, even top-20s, and Stenhouse was crowned champion last year with two victories and 26 top-10 finishes. In the Cup Series, Carl Edwards lost the title on a tiebreaker, and his final statistics showed one win and 26 top-10 finishes.

So if Patrick can conserve her equipment and take what she can get on the track, she could put together a nice Nationwide season.

"I've always had a hard time trying to be happy about finishing 30th and learning from that experience ? that's the thing she's good at," said three-time IndyCar champion Sam Hornish Jr., who will race Patrick this season for the Nationwide title.

"She's a good finisher. She's very good at taking care of the car and making sure she gets the most out of her time at the track. And she has less pressure. She's a tremendous marketing machine, so she wants to be successful because she has to live with herself. But the success she has on the track isn't necessarily going to be what determines whether or not she has a job."

Her job security, with backing from longtime sponsor GoDaddy.com, is not in jeopardy. But there's pressure on Stewart, the three-time NASCAR champion, to field a competitive team for Patrick and ready her for her full-time move to the Sprint Cup Series in 2013.

"You can't sit there and smother her," Stewart said. "She still has to figure a lot of this out on her own. I just need to be there, be available, when she does have a question. She's really good at picking up information. She has unbelievable feedback. She's really good at being able to understand what's going on and how to get that feedback to the crew chief. There's so much sensory overload of new things to learn here, that it's so hard to get it all and be able to do something with that.

"She is really, really good at that."

Patrick, who is married, has developed a strong rapport with Stewart ? a bit of a brother-sister relationship. They've known each other a long time, and for any chance of long-term success, Patrick believed Stewart was her best bet.

"It's important that I am working with and driving for someone that has respect for me and someone that's willing to help me, because Lord knows I need help," she said. "I want to figure it out as quickly as possible. Tony strikes me as someone that is confident enough in himself that he can volunteer information and want to see me get better."

Also on HuffPost:

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/25/nascar-spotlight-danica-patrick-daytona-500_n_1300772.html

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Saturday 25 February 2012

Learn of Forex Trading - Day Trading In Stocks

By : Andy Patrick

Trading of international currency utilizing the ForEx platform has become the best speculative business nowadays. Getting into currency market trading without having getting essential knowledge in the nature of currency market trading usually leads you to irreparable injury. A great deal of trading is taking put in place this international market on a daily basis. It says that the average business volume of this industry is 3 trillion each day. You will also be required to invest lots of money if you need to get into the ForEx market. Investing great amount of money in currency ForEx market without knowing the nature of the trade usually leads you to huge losses. An effort to learn trade ForEx before you really invest in international currency will assist you to a lot.

Having proper training is a must to enter into the world of international currency trade.

As you?ve no place to visit evaluate the situation similar to a stock market, you will have to depend upon the PC you have in your office or the broker with which team you have entrusted your cash to understand the pulse of currency market trading. If you are not capable of understand the different ways to be followed in investing make the most the currency ForEx market, you could feel it difficult to be aware of what your broker wants to explain for you. It will always be better to study the strategies of currencies market for making the investment a beneficial site for you.

Knowing what you really are doing, you can get simple to use to make profit from this field. The nature of international money trade requires minimum knowledge about the incidents which could impact the investment you?re making in a few other countries? currency.

In order to learn to trade ForEx this way, you need to undergo training by making use of a professional on this particular field.

To learn of trade of ForEx you can seek to assistance or help of the expert on this line of business. Otherwise you depend over the online tutorials provided by various websites that can help interested persons to learn to trade ForEx.

Everything you have to do to learn to trade ForEx is to locate a reliable and reputable on-line store that impart online tutorial in international currency trade. Considering the testimonials in the persons who are already skilled through the institute or the website article can help you a great deal in understanding the standard of the courses made available from the institute.

About Author:

Andy Patrick is a respected marketer and trader who have wirtes about Forex trading and investing and Forex Trading. For more information visit Hyrextalk.COM

Source: http://daytradinginstocks.com/learn-of-forex-trading/

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Higher gas prices cloud Obama's re-election hopes (AP)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - Soaring gasoline prices are threatening to undercut President Barack Obama's re-election prospects and offering Republicans an easy target. With prices pushing $4 a gallon and threatening to go even higher, Obama sought Thursday to confront rising public anxiety and strike back at his GOP critics.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/energy/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120224/ap_on_bi_ge/us_gasoline_price_politics

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Friday 24 February 2012

'Twilight' Star Jackson Rathbone Excited to Be a Dad

In the last Twilight film, Robert Pattinson's character became a father, but in real life, it's fellow Cullen family vampire star Jackson Rathbone who's expecting. The first-time father to be isn't nervous about his new arrival, though.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/twilight-star-jackson-rathbone-says-hes-excited-about-fatherhood/1-a-431056?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Atwilight-star-jackson-rathbone-says-hes-excited-about-fatherhood-431056

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Benefits associated with Limited Business Formation | convoyshow ...

Limited legal responsibility enterprise enhancement provides a number of major benefits to small, and medium sized firms efficiently setting up a new company physique the specific distinct company auto on the owners of this business, stakeholders whore protected against indefinite particular debts in virtually all situation and might transport major taxes strengths which cover anything from year to year. Creation does transport further appropriate accountabilities to the next of being smaller. Firm enhancement demands the submitter in the incorporation points to Firm Dwelling which need to be modified and affirmed each and every year with the Firm Dwelling 12-monthly Go back. Audited financial company accounts need to be sent in each year each with Firm Dwelling as well as In from the coast Sales. As well as convention of the various Firms Works need to be adhered to with the administrators to blame for the extramarital relationships in the Minimal Firm. Each and every llc needs to have legally designated enterprise police officers all of the time. An individual reduced enterprise needs to have at least one director, this company articles of affiliation may necessitate a few, and each llc needs to have at least one enterprise admin. While a director could possibly be the enterprise admin a lone director cannot.

Forming a small The liability Company

Starting a llc in great britan demands the submitter to download utorrent Firm Dwelling sorts, 10 and 12, plus a memorandum and articles of affiliation to try and do this company enhancement and sign up. Firm Dwelling Variety 10 presents information the primary administrators and supposed predicament in the listed company. A brand check out really should be carried out with Firm Dwelling so that the suggested identity can be obtained and suitable as well as suggested llc identity entered on variety 10 with reduced as the last word. Also check out details and posting rules with Regal Send to avoid this company enhancement sign up ual rejection. Firm Dwelling variety 10 need to be signed by often by or with respect to the subscribers on the memorandum of affiliation. Firm Dwelling Variety 12 is usually a appropriate report which the llc enhancement details are real and might be signed by way of legal professional involved in the llc enhancement or a person branded as director or enterprise admin on variety 10 under portion 10 in the Firms React 1985. The Memorandum of Organization units out of objects and scope in the suggested llc declaring this company identity with information the subscribers on the Memorandum of Organization noticed. Family table A is usually a conventional arrangement of a few Content of Organization, a legal file that controls the inner extramarital relationships in the llc and it is recommended that Family table A, Content of Organization is adopted winrar in the entire. After having a final check out to ensure accuracy submit all 4 records to Firm Dwelling together with the enterprise sign up price as well as enterprise enhancement is completed.

Company Organization Taxation Advantages

Sole dealers shell out income tax online taxable income which is lowered from 22Per-cent to 20Per-cent from very first April 2008 on goal revenue earned over the particular budget. A llc pays off organization taxes the taxes payable on the enterprise net income. The free stuff advantages and drawbacks vary from year to year as federal plan pertaining to taxes premiums and allowances transform. From very first April 2007 the speed of Organization Taxation for small companies was higher from 19Per-cent to 20Per-cent and it is fixed to raise more from very first April 2008 to 21Per-cent and additional to 22Per-cent from very first April 2009. These taxes alterations slender the space between the taxes payable on revenue by lone dealers and reduced corporations. The free stuff sense of balance for firms earning greater than 34,840 prior to a entrepreneurs Per administrators income continues to be in preference of incorporation because self employed income is usually susceptible to 8Per-cent country?s insurance cover as well as the 20Per-cent taxes which climbs up to 40Per-cent. The dimensions in the taxes gain since they can be integrated depends upon tlumaczenia techniczne the amount and predicted higher level of net income. Frequently smaller business owner having to pay taxes in the lower income rate of 20Per-cent won?t get a major taxes gain the real difference becoming the nation?s insurance cover of 8Per-cent, though anyone paying off the particular taxes rate of 40Per-cent would exhibit major taxes strengths in comparison to the organization taxes rate of 20Per-cent in 2007 growing to 22Per-cent by 2009.

Advantages of Minimal Liability

A lone broker obtains no defense against this business debts if your company run across financial troubles in contrast to the legal responsibility in the stakeholders inside of a llc is proscribed on the amount signed up with the shareholding. Minimal legal responsibility becomes less crystal clear actually. Banking companies and consumer credit establishments usually demand administrators of a small, and recently formed llc to deliver particular assures from loans and consumer credit.

In accessory administrators should be aware of when starting off a llc that will actually that enterprise run across financial hardships and be bankrupt the administrators by themselves could be monetarily liable for any financial obligations accrued if your enterprise carries on buy and sell once the administrators grew to become informed this company was bankrupt. This is the reason staff of businesses that get into liquidation usually promptly discontinue stock trading to avoid by themselves as staff becoming presented liable for any pursuing financial obligations becoming accrued.

Source: http://www.convoyshow.com/benefits-associated-with-limited-business-formation/

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Thursday 23 February 2012

Mr. Basement Participates in Breast Cancer Charity | Press Release ...

By: marie759

February 22, 2012 at 11:45 am


Baltimore, MD ? Mr. Basement is participating in the Buckeye Cruise for Cancer. The Buckeye Cruise for Cancer Research allows Ohio State University fans and players, past and present, to board a cruise ship with proceeds going to the Stephanie Spielman Fund for Breast Cancer Research.
On this cruise owner, Ron Greenbaum, is participating in the ?Strides for Steph? 5k run/walk which he is hoping will raise $5,000 in donations for cancer research. Mr. Basement will also be donating an entire finished basement, worth approximately $40,000, which will go to the highest bidder at an auction on the cruise. The money from auction will also go to cancer research.
The Stephanie Spielman Fund for Breast Cancer was established by Stephanie Spielman after she was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1998. Through unwavering dedication, her foundation hosted more than 100 events and raised $6.5 million for breast cancer research for the OSU Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute.
Mr. Basement specializes in basement waterproofing in Maryland and other surrounding areas. Visit them online for your free basement waterproofing estimate!

Related posts:

  1. Shopandbragg.com joins the fight against cancer. When you purchase an item, 2.5% will go to the American Cancer Society. Please join in the fight against cancer.
  2. Basement Systems Edmonton Expands Building
  3. Basement Expert Acts as ?Professor for a Day?
  4. Dry Zone Basement Systems Earns Service Award Two Years in a Row
  5. Lipe Brothers Adds Basement Finishing to its Repertoire

Source: http://www.pressreleaseprint.com/legal/mr-basement-participates-in-breast-cancer-charity/

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T-Mobile asks FCC to block Verizon-cable deal

NEW YORK (AP) ? T-Mobile USA, which just had its acquisition by AT&T blocked by regulators, is urging the federal government to block another deal in the wireless world: Verizon's planned purchase spectrum from cable companies for $3.9 billion.

In a filing late Tuesday, T-Mobile USA said the Federal Communications Commission should stop the deal between Verizon Wireless, Comcast Corp., Time Warner Cable Inc., Bright House Networks and Cox Communications because it would place an "excessive concentration" of wireless spectrum in Verizon's hands.

With more wireless spectrum, a phone company can raise download speeds and serve more data-hungry devices like smartphones and laptops with cellular broadband.

Verizon Wireless, the country's No. 1 cell phone company, already has a relatively large amount of spectrum, while T-Mobile, the No. 4, does not.

MetroPCS Communications Inc., the fifth-largest cellphone company, also urged the FCC to block the deal. It said the parties had not provided enough information to prove that the acquisition was in the public interest.

Nine public interest groups filed their own motions to block the deal on Tuesday, ahead of a filing deadline on Wednesday.

Sprint Nextel Corp., the No. 3 carrier, took a more measured stance. It didn't ask the FCC to block the deal outright, but said the agency should look closely at the wider implications of the deal, including the provision that Verizon Wireless and the cable companies market each other's products in their stores.

The cross-marketing has already started in some areas, with Verizon Wireless stores selling Comcast cable service and Comcast stores touting Verizon cellphone plans.

Analysts hailed the co-marketing agreement as a historical shift, because phone companies and cable companies are usually bitter rivals. Verizon Communications Inc., the New York-based majority owner of Verizon Wireless, still competes with the cable companies in providing pay-TV and broadband service.

Last week, a New Jersey's Division of Rate Counsel, a state agency that advocates for consumers, asked the FCC to block the deal, also citing the spectrum accumulation issue.

Verizon Wireless has defended the deal, saying it means unused spectrum will become available to wireless subscribers.

In early December, Verizon Wireless announced a deal to buy spectrum from Comcast, Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks for $3.6 billion. The cable companies had bought the spectrum jointly at an FCC auction in 2006, with loose plans to start a wireless company or form a joint venture with one. Those plans never came to fruition.

The parties said they hoped to close the deal by the middle of this year.

Verizon later struck a similar but separate deal to buy spectrum held by Cox for $315 million. Cox had started setting up its own wireless service, but gave up last year, saying it would be too small to compete against the big cellphone companies.

Shares of Verizon Communications slipped 27 cents to $38.22 in morning trading Wednesday.

Source: http://www.fox43tv.com/dpps/money/business_news/t-mobile-asks-fcc-to-block-verizon-cable-deal-nt12-jpe_4079890

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Wednesday 22 February 2012

NASA spacecraft reveals recent geological activity on the moon

ScienceDaily (Feb. 20, 2012) ? New images from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft show the moon's crust is being stretched, forming minute valleys in a few small areas on the lunar surface. Scientists propose this geologic activity occurred less than 50 million years ago, which is considered recent compared to the moon's age of more than 4.5 billion years.

A team of researchers analyzing high-resolution images obtained by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) show small, narrow trenches typically much longer than they are wide. This indicates the lunar crust is being pulled apart at these locations. These linear valleys, known as graben, form when the moon's crust stretches, breaks and drops down along two bounding faults. A handful of these graben systems have been found across the lunar surface.

"We think the moon is in a general state of global contraction because of cooling of a still hot interior," said Thomas Watters of the Center for Earth and Planetary Studies at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington, and lead author of a paper on this research appearing in the March issue of the journal Nature Geoscience. "The graben tell us forces acting to shrink the moon were overcome in places by forces acting to pull it apart. This means the contractional forces shrinking the moon cannot be large, or the small graben might never form."

The weak contraction suggests that the moon, unlike the terrestrial planets, did not completely melt in the very early stages of its evolution. Rather, observations support an alternative view that only the moon's exterior initially melted forming an ocean of molten rock.

In August 2010, the team used LROC images to identify physical signs of contraction on the lunar surface, in the form of lobe-shaped cliffs known as lobate scarps. The scarps are evidence the moon shrank globally in the geologically recent past and might still be shrinking today. The team saw these scarps widely distributed across the moon and concluded it was shrinking as the interior slowly cooled.

Based on the size of the scarps, it is estimated that the distance between the moon's center and its surface shank by approximately 300 feet. The graben were an unexpected discovery and the images provide contradictory evidence that the regions of the lunar crust are also being pulled apart.

"This pulling apart tells us the moon is still active," said Richard Vondrak, LRO Project Scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "LRO gives us a detailed look at that process."

As the LRO mission progresses and coverage increases, scientists will have a better picture of how common these young graben are and what other types of tectonic features are nearby. The graben systems the team finds may help scientists refine the state of stress in the lunar crust.

"It was a big surprise when I spotted graben in the far side highlands," said co-author Mark Robinson of the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University, principal investigator of LROC. "I immediately targeted the area for high-resolution stereo images so we could create a three-dimensional view of the graben. It's exciting when you discover something totally unexpected and only about half the lunar surface has been imaged in high resolution. There is much more of the moon to be explored."

The research was funded by the LRO mission, currently under NASA's Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. LRO is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NASA.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Thomas R. Watters, Mark S. Robinson, Maria E. Banks, Thanh Tran, Brett W. Denevi. Recent extensional tectonics on the Moon revealed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera. Nature Geoscience, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1387

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120220135000.htm

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Tuesday 21 February 2012

Burberry, McQueen mastery defy "quirky London" label (Reuters)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Reuters - British labels Burberry and McQ by Alexander McQueen turned up the glamour at London Fashion Week with a pair of catwalk masterclasses late Monday that silenced talk of the city as merely the "capital of quirk."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/fashion/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120221/lf_nm_life/us_fashion_britain_mcqueen_burberry

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Medindia Blogs? Blog Archive ? EU Approves Skin Cancer Drug

image Swiss drug giant Roche has received European Union approval for its drug to fight a fatal form of skin cancer.

The European Commission gave the green light to Zelboraf, a drug used to treat adults with BRAF V600 mutation-positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma, the company announced in a statement.

If diagnosed early melanoma is generally curable but when it spreads to other parts of the body it is the deadliest form of skin cancer.

Currently only on?

Source: http://blogs.medindia.net/health-news/eu-approves-skin-cancer-drug/

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Monday 20 February 2012

Cheap travel insurance is available with your travel agency online

Published by Richardson | February 19, 2012 | | 106

This helps them plan things in a way to enjoy a safe and fun filled trip. A travel agent can easily provide you with a comprehensive assortment of trip services. Apart from providing you with details and information various tour packages, booking hotels for you, getting car rentals, booking flights and winning exciting discounts, travel agent will recommend you to get the best cheap travel insurance available on the market.

They will make you realize the significance of getting an insurance policy for your trip. This will make your trip safe, fun filled and memorable. So what is the need to buy policy onlinefor a well-planned tour? There are numerous reasons to support this. One of the major reasons is that it will protect you from all kinds of perils that you might face during a trip. It will also offer you, assistance during emergency situations such as accidents, trip cancellations, loss of baggage, loss of passport, illness and a lot more. You must have to buy policy online for your trip and the insurance company will take care of everything.

It will pay for your medical bills, losses and other inconveniences that you face during a trip. Depending on the cover you want, your insurance premium will get costlier. However, there are numerous ways in which you can save money on your travel insurance premium. Listed below are some tips to get cheap travel insurance: Research well The key to reach out to an affordable trip planis to research well for trips online. Understand that there are hundreds of companies offering insurance policies these days. In order to make the most out of what they offer, you must know exactly the policies they offer and at what price. The internet will assist you in this regard. Quotes Do not underestimate the power of quotes when it comes to getting the most affordable trip plan.

These quotes are a power house of detailed info related to what exactly the leading players in the industry offer, rates quoted by them and special offers. The best part is that the info is available at a single page and it gets easier for you to compare and decide on a policy that suits your budget and specific requirements. Get what you need Most people tend to purchase an insurance policy without knowing what they are exactly wanted. This makes them pay for features that are not required. The key to get cheap travel insurance is to ask your insurance provider to eliminate all unnecessaryfeatures and the prices will automatically go down. Make a list of your travel insurance requirements clearly and tally it with what is provided by your provider. Ask him to remove unnecessary features from the policy to benefit from discounts.

A travel agency will let you learn the importance of getting a travel insurance policy for your trip. You must buy policy online to keep your tour secure and have great fun all through the trip.

Source: http://www.1directory.net/travel-and-leisure/cheap-travel-insurance-is-available-with-your-travel-agency-online-6287.html

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Use outsourcing Business to business telemarketing on Lead ...

Web-based-sales-and-marketing-service

The key purpose of Lead Generation is for a business to expand their market share through reaching the actual high-level decision makers of institutions involved inside its goal industry. Many Lead experts are well experienced in figuring out the needs of the prospects and inspire your prospect?s executives to employ the business to business telemarketing call center to help the prospective customers produce skilled leads and set appointments using the company?s income teams. Outsourcing techniques the lead method increases a new company?s revenue and earnings while reducing the cost for each sale expenses. Outsourced Lead Generation also gets rid of a challenging administration process. The key reason for outsourced workers telemarketing providers is that telemarketing call centers include effective income orientation guidelines to get the best advantages of the market. To generate leads campaigns have to be done consistently to weather conditions market pattern shifts along with changes in the world market economy.

Lead Generation consists of a stringent process of figuring out prospective customers, generating of a sales opportunities list and also the launch of an rigorous calling campaign.

The first task in Steer is being in a position to set standards in order to recognize the prospect that your client may want to have company or talk to. Criteria are fantastic jump off of points in every campaign because it guides you about what exactly you have. However, in lead generation, the client?s conditions base must not be too distinct or too general to generate space on an ever-evolving market pattern.

After creating the lead conditions, a business?s marketing rep must know his or her lead resource. He must have the ability to identify the particular sources of sales opportunities and be able to begin using these efficiently and effectively for you to routinely develop leads and continuously revise the qualified prospects list they currently have.

If the company decides to hire their own team regarding lead phone callers, they must be ready to train his or her staff upon phone social grace, identifying the prospects in addition to their questions and also issues about the service on offer. Also, an organization must be ready to put up a business office specifically designed for that lead generation telemarketers. They should also unit a fool-proof sales script as their pitch looks personal though has an element of sales and marketing included.

When engaged in their own to generate leads campaign, an organization may also view it fit to obtain their own programmed responder, like Live Speak, wherein possibility customers may well leave request messages when they are unavailable to call you via the phone. They will often also abandon their contact information herein to actually may be able to make contact with them after a representative is available.

When outsoucring, Lead gets to be more effective as well as practical as compared to maintaining you possess private workers doing the job in your case. For one, outsourced lead generation telephone selling is a cost-efficient option to an otherwise expensive restructuring of the workplace and the packages and computer software to be used inside campaign. The client may simply subscribe to a month-long campaign and has the option to terminate the collaboration after the contract or carry on the campaign for a longer time.

Also, the company are able to save on the price of training which would otherwise be shouldered by the company when they decide to put by themselves team. Outsourced Lead Generation promotions maintain their particular training group who have been doing lead promotions for years and so are therefore specialists on the subjects of software making, telephone etiquette and convincing tactics which will finally lead to a face-to-face visit with a company?s sales representative.

Moreover, telemarketing companies provide clients with typical progress reports to make sure that the particular representatives in charge of their campaign are undertaking according to their standards.

It is advisable to outsource prospects generation should an established telephone selling call center or outbound business to business telemarketing firms because these companies come with the latest technologies and the greatest people to perform campaign in a very manner which usually clients count on from their own team.

Related posts:

Inbound marketing

Source: http://virtual-unified-communications.info/?p=1667&utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=use-outsourcing-business-to-business-telemarketing-on-lead-growth

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Sunday 19 February 2012

Glaciers: A window into human impact on the global carbon cycle

Glaciers: A window into human impact on the global carbon cycle [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 19-Feb-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Ian Vorster
ivorster@whrc.org
508-524-0186
Woods Hole Research Center

Fossil fuel signature found in Alaskan ice

New clues as to how the Earth's remote ecosystems have been influenced by the industrial revolution are locked, frozen in the ice of glaciers. That is the finding of a group of scientists, including Robert Spencer of the Woods Hole Research Center. The research will be published in the March 2012 issue of Nature Geoscience.

Globally, glacier ice loss is accelerating, driven in part by the deposition of carbon in the form of soot or "black carbon," which darkens glacier surfaces and increases their absorption of light and heat. The burning of biomass trees, leaves and other vegetation around the globe, often in fires associated with deforestation and fossil fuel combustion, are the major sources of black carbon.

Spencer and his fellow scientists have conducted much of their research at the Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, Alaska. Mendenhall and other glaciers that end their journey in the Gulf of Alaska receive a high rate of precipitation, which exacerbates the deposition of soot, but also makes for a good research site.

"We are finding this human derived signature in a corner of the U.S. that is traditionally viewed as being exceptionally pristine," Spencer notes. "The burning of biomass and fossil fuels has an impact we can witness in these glacier systems although they are distant from industrial centers, and it highlights that the surface biogeochemical cycles of today are universally post-industrial in a way we do not fully appreciate."

The key to the process is carbon-containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the glacial ice. Glaciers provide a great deal of carbon to downstream ecosystems. Many scientists believe the source of this carbon is the ancient forests and peatlands overrun by the glaciers. However, thanks to new evidence from radiocarbon dating and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, Spencer and his colleagues believe that the carbon comes mainly from the burning of fossil fuels and contemporary biomass. Once the organic matter that contains black carbon is deposited on the glacier surface by snow and rain, the resultant DOM moves with the glacier and is eventually delivered downstream in meltwaters where it provides food for microorganisms at the base of the aquatic food web.

"In frigid glacier environments any input stands out, making glaciers ideal sentinel ecosystems for the detection and study of anthropogenic perturbation," said Spencer referring to the reason why glaciers record the impact of human emissions. "However, the deposition of this organic material happens everywhere and in vibrant ecosystems such as those found in temperate or tropical regions, once this organic material makes landfall it is quickly consumed in the general milieu of life." The Mendenhall glacier research site therefore allows a unique perspective for studies such as this one.

Glaciers and ice sheets together represent the second largest reservoir of water on the planet, and glacier ecosystems cover ten percent of the Earth, yet the carbon dynamics underpinning those ecosystems remain poorly understood. "Improving our understanding of glacier biogeochemistry is of great urgency, as glacier environments are among the most sensitive to climate change and the effects of industrial pollution," emphasizes Spencer.

The researchers' findings also reveal how the ocean may have changed over past centuries. The microbes that form the very bottom of the food web are particularly sensitive to changes in the quantity and quality of the carbon entering the marine system. Since the study found that the organic matter in glacier outflows stems largely from human activities, it means that the supply of glacier carbon to the coastal waters of the Gulf of Alaska is a modern, post-industrial phenomenon. "When we look at the marine food webs today, we may be seeing a picture that is significantly different from what existed before the late-18th century," said Aron Stubbins a collaborator from the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography. "It is unknown how this manmade carbon has influenced the coastal food webs of Alaska and the fisheries they support."

A warming climate will increase the outflow of the glaciers and the accompanying input of dissolved organic material into the coastal ocean. This will be most keenly felt in glacially dominated coastal regions, such as those off of the Gulf of Alaska, Greenland and Patagonia. These are the areas that are experiencing the highest levels of glacier ice loss.

###

Spencer's collaborators on the project included Eran Hood and Andrew Vermilyea from the University of Alaska Southeast; Peter Raymond and David Butman from Yale University; George Aiken, Robert Striegl and Paul Schuster from the U.S. Geological Survey; Rachel Sleighter, Hussain Abdulla and Patrick Hatcher from Old Dominion University; Peter Hernes from the University of California-Davis; Durelle Scott from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; and Aron Stubbins from Skidaway Institute of Oceanography.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Glaciers: A window into human impact on the global carbon cycle [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 19-Feb-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Ian Vorster
ivorster@whrc.org
508-524-0186
Woods Hole Research Center

Fossil fuel signature found in Alaskan ice

New clues as to how the Earth's remote ecosystems have been influenced by the industrial revolution are locked, frozen in the ice of glaciers. That is the finding of a group of scientists, including Robert Spencer of the Woods Hole Research Center. The research will be published in the March 2012 issue of Nature Geoscience.

Globally, glacier ice loss is accelerating, driven in part by the deposition of carbon in the form of soot or "black carbon," which darkens glacier surfaces and increases their absorption of light and heat. The burning of biomass trees, leaves and other vegetation around the globe, often in fires associated with deforestation and fossil fuel combustion, are the major sources of black carbon.

Spencer and his fellow scientists have conducted much of their research at the Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, Alaska. Mendenhall and other glaciers that end their journey in the Gulf of Alaska receive a high rate of precipitation, which exacerbates the deposition of soot, but also makes for a good research site.

"We are finding this human derived signature in a corner of the U.S. that is traditionally viewed as being exceptionally pristine," Spencer notes. "The burning of biomass and fossil fuels has an impact we can witness in these glacier systems although they are distant from industrial centers, and it highlights that the surface biogeochemical cycles of today are universally post-industrial in a way we do not fully appreciate."

The key to the process is carbon-containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the glacial ice. Glaciers provide a great deal of carbon to downstream ecosystems. Many scientists believe the source of this carbon is the ancient forests and peatlands overrun by the glaciers. However, thanks to new evidence from radiocarbon dating and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, Spencer and his colleagues believe that the carbon comes mainly from the burning of fossil fuels and contemporary biomass. Once the organic matter that contains black carbon is deposited on the glacier surface by snow and rain, the resultant DOM moves with the glacier and is eventually delivered downstream in meltwaters where it provides food for microorganisms at the base of the aquatic food web.

"In frigid glacier environments any input stands out, making glaciers ideal sentinel ecosystems for the detection and study of anthropogenic perturbation," said Spencer referring to the reason why glaciers record the impact of human emissions. "However, the deposition of this organic material happens everywhere and in vibrant ecosystems such as those found in temperate or tropical regions, once this organic material makes landfall it is quickly consumed in the general milieu of life." The Mendenhall glacier research site therefore allows a unique perspective for studies such as this one.

Glaciers and ice sheets together represent the second largest reservoir of water on the planet, and glacier ecosystems cover ten percent of the Earth, yet the carbon dynamics underpinning those ecosystems remain poorly understood. "Improving our understanding of glacier biogeochemistry is of great urgency, as glacier environments are among the most sensitive to climate change and the effects of industrial pollution," emphasizes Spencer.

The researchers' findings also reveal how the ocean may have changed over past centuries. The microbes that form the very bottom of the food web are particularly sensitive to changes in the quantity and quality of the carbon entering the marine system. Since the study found that the organic matter in glacier outflows stems largely from human activities, it means that the supply of glacier carbon to the coastal waters of the Gulf of Alaska is a modern, post-industrial phenomenon. "When we look at the marine food webs today, we may be seeing a picture that is significantly different from what existed before the late-18th century," said Aron Stubbins a collaborator from the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography. "It is unknown how this manmade carbon has influenced the coastal food webs of Alaska and the fisheries they support."

A warming climate will increase the outflow of the glaciers and the accompanying input of dissolved organic material into the coastal ocean. This will be most keenly felt in glacially dominated coastal regions, such as those off of the Gulf of Alaska, Greenland and Patagonia. These are the areas that are experiencing the highest levels of glacier ice loss.

###

Spencer's collaborators on the project included Eran Hood and Andrew Vermilyea from the University of Alaska Southeast; Peter Raymond and David Butman from Yale University; George Aiken, Robert Striegl and Paul Schuster from the U.S. Geological Survey; Rachel Sleighter, Hussain Abdulla and Patrick Hatcher from Old Dominion University; Peter Hernes from the University of California-Davis; Durelle Scott from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; and Aron Stubbins from Skidaway Institute of Oceanography.


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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/whrc-gaw021612.php

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